Indian Politics (IN SHORT)
What is politics?
Politics is that field in which many of the politician members takes part for the welfare of the democratic countries.
The politician member’s selections are depending on the vote of people and when many of the votes will go for one particular party, those have elected for the vote of the public.
Who are politicians
In the country, the politician is that people, who take the oath during the selection for fulfilling all needs of the public, but, there is no chance, they will really complete this oath.
Why Politicians are needed
It is for the reason that it is not possible for the head of a particular authority to listen to problems of the people.So, in order to solve such hectic time consuming procedure for full filling solutions of the people,people choose there leaders(politicians) either for the post of contituent head or Chief Minister,Prime Minister or many other government bodies.
Introduction
Politics in India take place within the framework of its constitution, because India is a federal parliamentary democratic republic, in which the President of India is the head of state and the Prime Minister of India is the head of the central government. India follows the dual polity system, i.e. a double government which consists of the central authority at the center and states at the periphery.
There is a provision for a bicameral legislature consisting of an Upper House, i.e. Rajya Sabha, which represents the states of the Indian federation and a lower house i.e. Lok Sabha, which represents the people of India as a whole. The Indian constitution provides for an independent judiciary, which is headed by the Supreme Court. The court's mandate is to protect the constitution, to settle disputes between the central government and the states, to settle inter-state disputes, to nullify any central or state laws that go against the constitution, and to protect the fundamental rights of citizens, issuing writs for their enforcement in cases of violation.
Governments are formed through elections held every five years (unless otherwise specified), by parties that secure a majority of members in their respective lower houses (Lok Sabha in the central government and Vidhan Sabha in states).
Political Parties
Compared with other democratic countries, India has a large number of political parties. It has been estimated that over 200 parties were formed after India became independent in 1947.Some examples
Type of Political Parties
There are many types of political parties in India - National Party and Regional/State party. Every political party must bear a symbol and must be registered with the Election Commission of India. Symbols are used in Indian political system as an identity of political parties and so that illiterate people can also vote by recognizing symbols of party.
Regional parties::
Samajwadi Party,Shiv Sena,The DMK and the AIADMK,The Akali Dal,The Jharkhand Party.
National Parties:
Local Governance:
Panchayati Raj Institutions or Local self-government bodies play a crucial role in Indian politics, as it focuses on grassroot-level administration in India.
According to the constitutional(73rd amendment) act,1992 aims to provide 3-tier system of Panchayati Raj for all States having population of over 2 million, to hold Panchayat elections regularly every 5 years, to provide reservation of seats for Scheduled Castes, Scheduled Tribes and Women, to appoint State Finance Commission to make recommendations as regards the financial powers of the Panchayats and to constitute District Planning Committee to prepare draft development plan for the district.
Role of political parties:
As with any other democracy, political parties represent different sections among the Indian society and regions, and their core values play a major role in the politics of India. Both the executive branch and the legislative branch of the government are run by the representatives of the political parties who have been elected through the elections.
India has a multi-party system, where there are a number of national as well as regional parties. A regional party may gain a majority and rule a particular state. If a party is represented in more than 4 states, it would be labelled a national party. Out of the 66 years of India's independence, India has been ruled by the Indian National Congress (INC) for 53 of those years, as of March 2014.
The social problems:
The lack of homogeneity in the Indian population causes division between different sections of the people based on religion, region, language, caste and race. This has led to the rise of political parties with agendas catering to one or a mix of these groups. Parties in India also target people who are not in favour of other parties and use them as an asset.
Some parties openly profess their focus on a particular group like the Shiv Sena's pro-Marathi agenda; Naga People's Front's demand for protection of Nagatribal identity etc.
This kind of narrow mindness and votebank politics of most parties, even in the central government and central legislature, sidelines national issues such as economic welfare and national security.
Economical problems:
Economic issues like poverty, unemployment, development are main issues that influence politics. Garibi hatao (eradicate poverty) has been a slogan of the Indian National Congress for a long time. The well known Bharatiya Janata Party(BJP) encourages a free market economy. The more popular slogan in this field is Sab Ka Sath, Sab ka Vikas (Cooperation with all, progress of all). But this are all tactics to gain sympathy of poor and illiterate people (287 million adults in India, amounting to 37% of the global total).Even literate people also vote them for the hope that they will hear their issues.
But,at the end they (governments) do what they want and keep fulfilling their bank accounts.Sorry,for too much negativity.Being an Indian i wrote what i see in my surroundings.
Law and order:
Terrorism, Naxalism, religious violence and caste-related violence are important issues that affect the political environment of the Indian nation. Stringent anti-terror legislation such as TADA, POTA and MCOCA have received much political attention, both in favour and opposed.Terrorism had effected politics India since its conception, be it the terrorism supported from Pakistan or the internal guerrilla groups such as Naxalites.
Rajiv Gandhi was assassinated during an election campaign.[10] The suicide bomber was later linked to the Sri Lankan terrorist group Liberation Tigers of Tamil Eelam.
There is a criminal–politician nexus. Many elected legislators have criminal cases against them. In July 2008, the Washington Post reported that nearly a fourth of the 540 Indian Parliament members faced criminal charges, "including human trafficking, child prostitution immigration rackets, embezzlement, rape and even murder".
Important political head's:
president:
The Constitution of India lays down that the Head of State and Union Executive is the President of India. S/He is elected for a five-year term by an electoral college consisting of
members of both Houses of Parliament and members of legislative assemblies of the states.
 |
| Ram Nath Kovind |
The Constitution of India lays down that the Head of State and Union Executive is the President of India. S/He is elected for a five-year term by an electoral college consisting of
members of both Houses of Parliament and members of legislative assemblies of the states.
Vice President of India:
 |
| Vice-President Mohammad Hamid Ansari |
The Office of the Vice-President of India is constitutionally the second most senior office in the country, after the President. The vice-president is also elected by an electoral college, consisting of members of both houses of parliament.
The Prime Minister and the Union Council of Ministers:
The Union Council of Ministers, headed by the Prime Minister, is the body with which the real executive power resides. The Prime Minister is the recognized head of the government.
The Union Council of Ministers is the body of ministers with which the PM works with on a day-to-day basis. Work is divided between various ministers into various departments and ministries. The Union cabinet is a smaller body of ministers which lies within the Council of Ministers, which is the most powerful set of people in the country, playing an instrumental role in legislation and execution alike.
All members of the Union Council of ministers must be members of either House of Parliament at time of appointment, or must get elected/nominated to either House within six months of their appointment.
State Governments:
India has a federal form of government, and hence each state also has its own government. The executive of each state is the Governor (equivalent to the president of India), whose role is ceremonial. The real power resides with the Chief Minister (equivalent to the Prime Minister) and the state council of ministers.
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